Santa
Maria Maggiore (Saint Mary Major) is one of the four major basilicas of
Rome, and the oldest Roman church dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary.
Tradition says
that during the night of August 4, 358 the Virgin appeared in a dream to
Pope Saint Liberius and to a wealthy Roman named John. She asked both
men to erect a church at a specific place. In the morning, finding that
it had snowed in the month of August at the location indicated by the
Virgin, the Pope planned to have a basilica built dedicated to "Holy
Mary of the Snows" on the spot where it had snowed on the Roman
Esquiline Hill.
This basilica
houses the first crèche made of stone, commissioned by Pope Nicolas IV
in 1288 to Arnolfo di Cambio, to represent the Nativity scene. This
tradition dates back to the year 432 when Pope Sixtus III (432-440)
allegedly created inside the original basilica a "Grotto of the
Nativity" inspired by that of Bethlehem.
The basilica
also contains the relics of Saint Jerome. Since 1999, the pastoral
activity of Saint Mary Major has been entrusted to the Franciscan Friars
of the Immaculate.
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