The
Smolensk icon is a Hodigitria Virgin "she who leads the way," the only
way forward that is to Christ. The icon was painted by Saint Luke for
the community of Antioch. It was subsequently venerated in
Constantinople (today’s Istanbul, Turkey) in the church of Blachernae.
It was probably brought to Russia in 1046, and placed in Smolensk’s
Cathedral of the Assumption in 1101.
This
Virgin is invoked to obtain guidance and assistance. In particular, she
helped Vladimir Monomakh to pacify and unite Russia. She is credited
with protecting the city against the invasion of the Tartars. In 1398,
the icon was brought to Moscow and placed in the Cathedral of the
Annunciation. Then it was returned to Smolensk, to the Church of the
Assumption of the Novodevičij monastery (near Moscow).
In 1812
the icon was transported to the battlefields in the war against
Napoleon. "In front and around the icon, behind and at all sides,
soldiers would walk, run and fall prostrate to the ground, with their
heads uncovered…countless soldiers." (Tolstoy, War and Peace).
On
November 22, 1991, the icon publicly wept for a whole day in front of a
large crowd of faithful onlookers. The bishop and patriarch acknowledged
the authenticity of the occurrence.
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